Wrestling is one of the most ancient and favorite sports. It begins its remembrances at 2600 BC, when it was one of the main means of the struggle for existence. In combats certain skills and tricks were formed that were passed down through the generations. Many of them are still actual.
Wrestling in ancient Greece. Book “Олимпийские игры и поэзия эллинов”
Wrestling in ancient Egypt
True development was achieved in ancient Greece during the antiquity period. The classic wrestling became part of the compulsory military training. Its popularity among the Greeks is evidenced by the fact that it became the second sport after running, included in the program of the XVIII Ancient Olympic Games, which were held in 708 BC. Since then, this sport has been an obligatory competition for the Summer Olympics.
The history of the origin and development in the world
Many of the most famous philosophers and poets, statesmen and commanders of ancient Greece were fighters and participants of the Olympic Games − Milo of Croton, Pythagoras, Plato, Pindar, etc.
The most titled wrestler of Greece is Milo of Croton, six-time Olympic champion. He was one of the best students of Pythagoras!
After the conquest of Greece, the Romans added fist-fighting techniques to ordinary wrestling, and cold weapons in gladiatorial fights. The first gladiator fights in Rome were held in 284 BC. At the end of the 4th century, olympiads and gladiator fights ceased to be. This was due to the widespread Christianity in European countries.
Just at the end of the 18th century they began to revive this courageous sport in European countries. In 1848, the first athletic arenas were opened in Paris. The professional Greco-Roman wrestling revived in France was transformed, having received one more name, the “French wrestling”. She became the most favorite sport in Europe.
In order to promote this sport internationally, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), established in 1894, gave the French wrestling its official name, “Greco-Roman wrestling”.
Greco-Roman wrestling has consistently been part of the program of the Olympic Games, except the 1900 and the 1904 Summer Olympics.
The World and Europe Wrestling Championships are held since 1921 and 1924 respectively.
The fight between Jack Dempsey (1895–1983) and Lenny Montana. (Photo: Topical Press Agency/Getty Images). April, 1925. Source: http://wrestling.com.ua
The Wrestling World Cup was instituted in 1956 and the Wrestling World Championships for boys aged between 15 and 18 years has been held since 1968.
The international sports movement in classical wrestling is led by the International Amateur Wrestling Federation, formed in 1912. In 1921 it was reorganized into the United World Wrestling (FILA), which still exists today. It works on the development of Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling.
In 1947 the Russian Wrestling Federation joined the FILA. In the same year, the champions began to be awarded gold medals, for the second and third places athletes were getting silver and bronze tokens.
It should be noted that from 1948 to 1990 Greco-Roman wrestling in the USSR was called “classical”, and only since 1991 the modern name, Greco-Roman wrestling, was adopted.
Alexander Karelin. Source: www.wrestrus.ru
The most titled modern wrestler is Alexander Karelin, Hero of the Russian Federation, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, Greco-Roman style wrestler. Three-time Olympic champion in the category up to 130 kg (Seoul-1988, Barcelona-1992, Atlanta-1996); nine-time world champion (1989–1991, 1993–1995, 1997–1999); twelve-time European champion (1988–1996, 1998–2000); Olympic silver medalist in 2000, world junior champion in 1988, 13-time champion of the USSR, the CIS and Russia (1988–2000).
Viktor Kuznetsov was the first and only coach of an outstanding athlete. In his native city Novosibirsk, he managed to see the potential of his talented trainees, taught them the basics of wrestling and brought him to the Olympic pedestal.
Alexander Karelin was called by the International Wrestling Federation the greatest wrestler of the twentieth century in the classic wrestling. Along with Muhammad Ali, footballer Pelé and other sports stars, he is in the Top-25 best athletes of the century. This Russian heavyweight athlete can be considered a living legend of Greco-Roman wrestling.
Mijan Lpez Nez. Source: https://xsport.ua
One of the strongest wrestlers is the Cuban Mijan Lpez Nez. Since the late 2000s the main rival of the Cuban was the Turkish wrestler Riza Kayaalp. After the victory in the finals of the 2016 Olympic Games, he was repeated the Alexander Karelin's achievement
During his sports career he has won many titles: he is the three-time Olympic champion (Beijing-2008, London-2012, Rio de Janeiro-2016); the five-time world champion (2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014); the three-time silver medalist of the world championships (2006, 2011, 2015); the four-time champion of the Pan-American Games (2003, 2007, 2011, 2015).
Unlike many Cuban boxers, flatly refused to leave his native country.
Carl Oscar (Calle) Westergren. Source: https://ru.wikipedia.org
Carl Oscar (Calle) Westergren is the most titled Swedish wrestler. Unlike other athletes, he became a three-time Olympic champion (Antwerp-1920, Paris-1924, Los Angeles-1932) in three different weight categories. He also won the world title (1922) in the weight category up to 75 kg. Three times he won the gold medal at the European Championships (1925, 1930, 1931). After a relatively unsuccessful performance at the European Championships in 1933, the athlete decided to end his sports career.
Athletes from different countries, becoming champions during the heyday of their sports career, showed a very high level of training at prestigious competitions, and also showed by their example that nothing is impossible if you want to be the best in the world.
The first propagandists of the French wrestling in Belarus were professional fighters performing at circus arenas. Yakuba (Yakov) Chekhovskoy, native of the city of Grodno was one of the most famous Belarusian athletes of the early 20th century. The phenomenal power of the Belarusian wrestler was a source of admiration and pride.
Yakuba (Yakov) Chekhovskoy, phenomenon athlete from Grodno. Source: book "Что наша жизнь? Борьба!"
Yakuba (Yakov) Chekhovskoy Source: book "Что наша жизнь? Борьба!"
Poster. Source: www.newgrodno.by
Yakuba struggled against I. Poddubny, G. Lurich, A. Aberg and other "stars" of the carpet of that time. Our countryman perfectly mastered technique, which was the most close to the style of the Greco-Roman wrestling. Y. Chekhovskoy ended his almost fourty-year sports career in summer of 1937, having performed at a chief presentation in favor of the orphaned children of Spanish patriots.
Many Belarusians were eager to achieve the same physical development, strength, agility and endurance. Everywhere the amateur clubs of struggle began to appear. By the highest resolution of the governor, a branch of the St. Petersburg Sports Society "Sanitas" was opened in Minsk on October 24, 1913.
Its founder was Vladislav Sokoldynsky, wrestler from Minsk, who squeezed 85.6 kg with both hands at the city competitions in 1913, having made the All-Russian record for light weight athletes.
In 1914 the first city championship among amateur wrestlers was held in Minsk.
Vladislav Sokoldynsky. Source: www.blogirina.livejournal.com
Vladislav Sokoldynsky. Poster of 1915. Source: www.blogirina.livejournal.com
At the beginning of World War I, due to “political unreliability”, all sports societies were closed.
Wrestling was destined to be reborn as one of the sports in the BSSR already under Soviet rule. In 1918, under the Republican Revolutionary Military Council, the headquarters for universal military education (Vsevobuch) was opened. Famous Belarusian wrestler, Vice-President of the All-Russian Union of Wrestling Athletes Yakub Chekhovskoy was appointed head of the Vsevobuch sports club in Petrograd.
In the early 20s, the “tsar” sports community (“Falcon”, “Sanitas”, etc.) virtually ceased to exist. Instead of them the new ones were created. Since 1923, the cities and regions championships among amateur wrestlers were held. In 1924, the first BSSR championship in French (Greco-Roman) wrestling took place.
The first All-Belarusian sports contest in 1928 is a new stage in the development of domestic sports. For the first time, the BSSR team went to the competitions in full strength (I. Antipov, V. Vaynelovich, N. Korolkevich, N. Muravitsky, A. Popov, V. Sankevich and A. Tayts) and took the 3rd team place.
In addition, in 1928 an exemplary Greco-Roman wrestling championship took place in Vitebsk, among invited participants was an outstanding wrestler Ivan Poddubny.
Since 1933, Mikhail Mirsky was a multiple participant of the USSR championships, who became later the 25-time champion of the BSSR! In the pre-war years, after his work, Mikhail mastered the techniques of Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling, was interested in sambo. Numerous spectators came to see definitely the fights of Mirsky and admired the variety of techniques and hacks. He was the first Belarusian wrestler in 1949 to be awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.
Mirsky
Mikhail Mirsky approved himself even brighter in the field of coaching. Under his leadership, the Belarusians began to climb all-Union pedestals annually. In 1952, M.I. Mirsky was awarded the title of "Honored Coach of the USSR". He educated over 80 masters of sports, among them there were Sergei Zalussky, Nikolai Chuchalov, Ivan Korshunov, Ivan Kochergin. A lot of his students became champions of the USSR in different years. Many of his students became honored coaches of the USSR and the BSSR: Garry Nikolayonok, Pavel Grigoriev, Vladimir Izopolsky, Viktor Rudenkov, Vyacheslav Maksimovich, Grigorij Kozovsky, Dmitry Khudysh, Alexey Kutsenko and others. Many wrestlers respectfully called him “Father Mirsky”.
Mirsky's trainees
The year 1960 was the crown of a career of this outstanding coach: in the individual championship of the USSR, four of his students won the championship titles: Oleg Karavaev (57 kg), Ivan Korshunov (67 kg), Nikolai Chuchalov (79 kg) and Sergei Zalussky (over 87 kg) .
As for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, specially for this event domestic coaches headed by Mirsky developed 17 (!) types of techniques of turn-over with body-hold which became known as Belarusian ones. Oleg Karavaev, the first Olympic champion in Greco-Roman wrestling, two-time winner of the world championships (in 1958 and 1961), seven-time champion of the USSR, perfectly mastered some of these techniques.
Karavaev
After the Olympic triumph in December 1960, the USSR Team Championship in Greco-Roman wrestling was held in the Minsk circus and received full attendance. The BSSR national team won for the first time in history, beating teams of all the Union republics, Moscow and Leningrad. The main trophy − the USSR Cup − was solemnly awarded to Mikhail Mirsky, who prepared the team together with his former students Alexey Kutsenko and Vasily Rudnitsky.
Olympic triumph.
Vladimir Zubkov, the only athlete in our country who became the four-time world champion in Greco-Roman wrestling (1971, 1973, 1974, 1975), also became history of Belarusian sport. He is also the only wrestler of the world, who won four times the World Championship in the weight category up to 48 kg.
Considering the achievements of our republic in the development of wrestling, the OSSR Sport Committee decided to hold in Minsk an international tournament in memory of the famous wrestler Ivan Poddubny in 1971. In those years, these prestigious competitions in sports circles were called the “second World Championship”.
Ivan Poddubny. Source: www.ru.wikipedia.org
Ivan Poddubny. Source: www.ru.wikipedia.org
Grand Prix “Ivan Poddubny”. Source: www.csp72.ru
14 sportsmen from our country took part at the competition, 5 of them were awarded gold medals: Vladimir Zubkov, Vladimir Novokhatko, Leonid Liberman, Pavel Chekhovsky and Vladimir Susich. Second place went to Anatoly Zelenko. The third winners were Boris Dmitriev, Khan Babakhanov, Vladimir Nechaev. In the unofficial standings, the BSSR team confidently took the first place, well ahead of the three teams of the USSR national team, the teams from Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Syria, Romania, Poland, Hungary and other countries.
Leonid Liberman. Source: book "Что наша жизнь? Борьба!"
L. Liberman and R. Ruderman. Source: book "Что наша жизнь? Борьба!"
In September 1975 in Minsk, FILA held three World Wrestling Championships at once: in Greco-Roman, free-style and Sambo wrestling. This was a great event for our republic, the recognition of the Belarusian school of Greco-Roman wrestling, USSR-famous due to the success of the best athletes and talented coaches.
From 1980 to 1988, the best in the world among the Greco-Roman wrestlers in the light heavyweight (90 kg) became the Vitebsk resident Igor Kanygin, captain and Komsomol organizer of the USSR team. The rising star of the Belarusian sport wins silver at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. In 1984, he won gold at the Friendship Games. He won twice the title of world champion (1981, 1983). In 1985 Igor Kanygin won the Absolute World Championship in Japan. The outstanding Belarusian athlete is a four-time World Cup winner (1982, 1984, 1986, 1985), a four-time European champion (1980, 1982, 1983, 1985) and a four-time USSR champion (1980, 1982, 1984).
Igor Kanygin with wrestlers from Vitebsk. Source: www.nspaper.by
A new cast of young, energetic and talented wrestlers appeared in the republic. Our wrestlers have won various championships and tournaments with increasing frequency.
The 1985 was the most fruitful. For the first time, five (!) athletes from our republic went to the European Championship in Leipzig as part of the USSR national team, that composed half of the team. Each member of this magnificent quintet (I. Kanygin, K. Madzhidov, M. Prokudin, O. Arutyunyan and A. Fedorenko) won gold.
Another famous Belarusian wrestler Kamandar Madzhidov (weight category up to 62 kg) perfectly prepared for the 1988 Summer Olympic and won the Olympic gold medal. During his sports career, he also won gold at the Games of Friendship (1984), became twice World Champion (1986, 1989) and three times European champion (1984, 1985, 1991). He’s winner of the World Cup (1983, 1991), CIS Champion in 1992. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, he took on the role of a playing coach for the national team of Belarus, which won three medals, he also took part and was interrupted in a step from the victory.
In the late 80s − early 90s Sergey Demyashkevich, World champion in 1990, two-time European champion (1991, 1993), World Cup winner (1988) and Olympic bronze medalist in Barcelona became the best continuer of the traditions of the national school in Greco-Roman wrestling. (1992)
From 1952 to 1992 Belarusian wrestlers of Greco-Roman style worthily represented our country at the USSR championships: they won 43 gold, 30 silver and 44 bronze medals (117 medals in total). From 1958 to 2003, the Belarusian Greco-Roman wrestlers won 79 medals at the European, World and Olympic Championships: 35 gold, 24 silver and 20 bronze.
In the spring of 1992, FILA officially brought our country into the fold. In those years, Alexander Medved, three-time Olympic champion, multiple winner of the World and European championships, became the head of the Wrestling Federation.
At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, the Belarusian national team made an independent team for the first time. The debut surpassed all expectations: Alexander Pavlov and Sergey Lishtvan became silver winners, wrestler Valery Tsilent was bronze medalist. In the unofficial team competition, the team of Belarusian wrestlers became the third in the world.
Sergey Lishtvan. Source: www.wiki.bobr.by
Taking photos with Sergey Lishtvan is an honour for young athletes. Source: www.wiki.bobr.by
In sovereign period of existence, Belarusians were awarded five Olympic medals. There are 9 awards won by our Greco-Roman wrestlers: 2 gold, 3 silver and 4 bronze. The winning streak, which began in 1980 and lasted for six Olympics (excluding the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles) deserves high praise.
Currently, Grodno is famous for the country's best school of Greco-Roman wrestling. The team of Grodno athletes wins the Republican championships for many years in a row. As a result, at the last European Championships, 2/3 of the national team consists of athletes from the Grodno school. Honored coach of the USSR and the BSSR, Professor Vyacheslav Maksimovich is one of the founders of this school. Over the years of his professional career, he has trained more than a hundred Masters of Sports, 26 World Class Masters of Sports, 5 Honored Masters of Sports. At the European, World, USSR Championships, European and World Cup, Universiade, his wrestlers won over 70 medals of various degrees.
A lot of outstanding athletes have been trained in the Mozyr school of wrestling, which is headed by the Honored Coach of the Republic of Belarus Malik Eskanderov. The legendary Greco-Roman wrestling coach has trained a lot of athletes, including two-time World champion Alim Selimov, as well as a bronze medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics, Javid Hamzatau.
Since 1994, an international tournament in memory of Oleg Karavaev has been held in the Belarusian capital. Competitions are aimed at promoting this sport among children, adolescents and young people, improving their sports skills, strengthening international relations. Competitions held in September 2018 became test ones before the 2nd European Games. The tournament was attended by world and European champions, Olympic medalists.
ХХI The 21 th International Greco-Roman Wrestling Tournament to memory of Oleg Karavaev. Source: www.triple.by
The 24th International Greco-Roman Wrestling Tournament to memory of Oleg Karavaev. Source: www.triple.by
Belarusian participants of the international tournament. Source: www.triple.by
Tournament winners. Source: www.triple.by
The public association “Belarusian Wrestling Federation” was established in 1993. One of the main tasks of the federation is to promote the level of sportsmanship of professional athletes and wrestlers.
In order to improve and develop the Greco-Roman wrestling in the Republic of Belarus, the federation takes an active part in organization and holding international competitions; organizes training camps, methodical seminars for the training and advanced training of coaches, referees.
The Federation is actively working to promote combat sports, creating new schools and clubs for wrestling training.
Official Website: http://www.wrestling.by
National Team:
http://wrestling.by/index.php?option=com_temoevents&view=group&id=39&Itemid=150&lang=ru
Silver medals:
Soslan Daurov. Weight category up to 60 kg.
Born in Vladikavkaz on January 15, 1991. By the age of 20, the athlete decided to change “sports citizenship”. In 2011, Soslan Daurov moved to Grodno to practice his favorite sport under the guidance of Vyacheslav Maksimovich, Honored Coach of the USSR and the BSSR. In 2013, the athlete received the citizenship of the Republic of Belarus.
Sports achievements: In 2012 and 2013 − winner of the championship of the Republic of Belarus among juniors; 2013 - bronze winner of the Cup of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan; 2014 - silver medalist of the Vehbi Emre Grand Prix. 2015 - silver medal at the 2015 European Games. He won the first from the Belarusian wrestlers license for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. 2017 - the bronze medalist of the European Championship in weight up to 66 kg.
For achievement of high sports results he was awarded the title of “World Class Master of Sports of the Republic of Belarus”
Bronze medals:
Viktar Sasunouski. Weight category up to 80 kg.
Born on June 29, 1989 in Borisov. At the age of 9 he started practicing at the wrestling classes. From young age he dreamed of getting into the national team and assailing the biggest tournaments. In his interviews, Victor has noted many times that thanks largely to his father that he took place as an athlete. Since 2011, he has been a member of the national team for performing at international competitions.
Sports achievements: In 2015, he won the silver medal at the World Championships in Las Vegas (USA) and the bronze medal of the 2015 European Games in Baku (Azerbaijan). In 2018 he became silver medalist of the European Championship in Kaspiysk, Russia and bronze medalist of the World Championships in Budapest (Hungary) in the weight category up to 82 kg. In February 2019 he won the prestigious International 37th Vehbi Emre and Hamit Kaplan Wrestling Tournament in Istanbul (Turkey).
For the achievement of high sports results, the 29-year-old athlete was awarded the title of “World Class Master of Sports of the Republic of Belarus”
Ioseb Chugoshvili. Weight category up to 130 kg.
Born on July 29, 1986 in Telavi (Georgian SSR), moved to Belarus.
Sports achievements: in 2013, he became bronze medalist of the European Championship. He took part in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, but he became only the 5th. He won bronze of the 2015 European Games in 2013; bronze at the European Championships in Riga in 2016, bronze at the 25th International Greco-Roman Wrestling Tournament to memory of Oleg Karavaev in 2018.
Download the list of references in the format pdf.
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